Speech Act in Talk Show: Locutionary, Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts in the Oprah Winfrey Show

- The objective of this study is to analyze the kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey. The theory in this research is the speech act theory (locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts) from Searle. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were taken from The Oprah Winfrey Show in the episode with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros, and Dink Donald. The results of the research obtained are the most dominant data of perlocutionary act is to get the hearers to do something which occurred in 14 times which represent 28.26%. The highest category of illocutionary acts is directives that occur in 23 times which represent 46.3%. The most dominant illocutionary act of directives is the act of asking that occur in 9 times which represent 18.4%. It happened because Oprah Winfrey as the host often asked the guest stars as the hearers to answer the questions from her as the speaker. It reflects to the purpose of talk show which is to find out and get information from the guest stars, thus the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home could get the information. The hearers were not only the guest stars, but the audiences and the viewers at home also involved. Directives are the most illocutionary acts performed by Oprah Winfrey because she often asked the guest stars to answer the questions from her. It reflects to the purpose of talk show which is to get information. The most dominant data of perlocutionary acts are to get the hearers to do something. It made the talk show became interactive and communicative.


INTRODUCTION
In this millennial era, talk show has been growing rapidly.It is because many television channels have created talk show program with good quality in content.One of the interesting episodes is The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest star Celine Dion.According to www.oprah.com,.By doing conversation with Oprah Winfrey in The Oprah Winfrey Show.Celine Dion shared her experience joining in the project with 12 children around the world who have survived from tragedies and amazing things in life.Two of 12 children named Milagros and Dink Donald also came to studio with Celine Dion to share their experiences in surviving from tragedies and amazing thing in their lives.Celine Dion's journey with those 12 children was shared in a book entitled An Incredible Journey with Celine Dion 12 Heroes among Us.The benefits of this book sale proceed were contributed to pediatric hospitals in Canada and UNICEF (The United Nations Children's Fund).From this project, it proves that Celine Dion is an international singer that concerns about humanity.
Information that was shared by Celine Dion about her experience with 12 children above shows that the most important thing in talk show is conversation.It is because through conversation, gesture and expression also imply the information.The information also will be successfully accepted if the hearer understands the meaning of the speaker's words that relate to context.
According to Leech (1983), context is a background of knowledge assumed to be shared by speaker and hearer and which contributes hearer's interpretation of what speaker means by given utterance.Thus, Context is important in conversation because the meaning of speaker utterance will be clearly accepted by the hearer.Communication clearly depends on not only recognizing the meaning of words in an utterance, but recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances (Yule, 2010).Hasim (2015) wrote "Speech Acts in Selected Political Speeches", the study investigates the role of language in the communication and interpretation of intentions by examining selected political speeches of John Kerry in Presidential Campaign in 2004 and George Bush-Inaugural address in 2001 since they have the same purposes as pieces of discourse with specific goals.The findings show that the overall relative frequency percentages for the selected speeches are: commissive 40%, assertive 35%, directive 20%, and expressive 5%.The results show that Kerry relied more on sentences that performed commissive acts than other speech acts since he committed to some future actions, and he promised to make the world fit the words.
According to Austin (in Levinson, 1983), perlocutionary act is the effect of the illocution on the hearer, such as the effect on the felling, thoughts, or action of hearer.According to Malmkjaer (2010), every time we direct language at some audience, we perform three simultaneous acts: (1) a locutionary act, (2) an illocutionary act and (3) a perlocutionary act.Searle (1969) adds that there is no perlocutionary effect of greeting.For example, when the speaker says "Hello", and he/she means it, the speaker does not necessarily intend to produce or elicit any state or action, but the knowledge is simply that the hearer understands what the speaker said.
The researcher is interested to conduct this study using The Oprah Winfrey Show as the data, for several characteristics.Firstly, this talk show had full of spontaneous interactions, and natural conversations between the host and the guest stars.Secondly, it had an interesting content that has inspired many people almost around the world.Thirdly, The Oprah Winfrey Show has won in many prestigious talk show awards.Fourthly, there are many kinds of speech acts that are performed by Oprah Winfrey that can be analyzed.
The researcher limited this study on the kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show in the episode with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald.The objective of this study is to analyze the kinds of speech acts that are performed by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics that incorporates knowledge of morphology, phonology, syntax, and even semantics.Pragmatics has something to do with the reality that clients use language in setting and that language is confined to culture.Grundy (2008) expressed that the meaning and the aim of expressions articulated by not entirely settled by the presence of a specific situation.He likewise added that culture and setting assume parts in correspondence.It is on the grounds that without settings, a listener doesn't have the foggiest idea what a speaker plans to say by his/her words.
According to Abrams and Harpahm (2009), speech act theory developed by the philosopher John L. Austin, and it was described most fully in his posthumous book entitled How to Do Things with Words in 1962.It was explored and expanded by other language philosophers named John R. Searle. Austin (1962) distinguishes three kinds of speech acts, i.e. locutionary act illocutionary act, and Warta Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia e- ISSN: 2686-0724 -p-ISSN: 0853-4470 -Vol. 6, No. 02 (2023), pp. 174-185 perlocutionary act.According to Austin (in Levinson, 1983) locutionary act is the real word that is uttered by the speaker and it contains the speaker's verbalized message.Austin (in Abrams & Harpahm, 2009) divides two types of locutionary acts.They are: (1) Constatives, sentences that assert something about a fact or state of affairs and are adjudged to be true or false, and (2) Performatives, sentences that are actions which accomplish something, such as questioning, promising, praising, and so on.Austin (in Levinson, 1983) states that illocutionary act is the power or intention behind the words that is uttered by the speaker.It indicates the speaker's purpose in saying something.According to Searle (in Leech, 1983), there are five categories of illocutionary acts.
The researcher used Searle's classification for the purpose of analysis.Conversation in the talk show involves a focus on meaning, and the understanding of a speaker's utterances.Oprah Winfrey as a host has a lot of intentions in her utterances, such as reporting, stating, asking, ordering, confirming, promising, offering, thanking, praising, and greeting.The theory of Searle is relevance to data analysis in this study.According to Austin (in Levinson, 1983), perlocutionary act is the effect of the illocution on the hearer, such as the effect on the felling, thoughts, or action of hearer.According to Malmkjaer (2010,), every time we direct language at some audience, we The researcher is interested to conduct this study using The Oprah Winfrey Show as the data, for several characteristics.Firstly, this talk show had full of spontaneous interactions, and natural conversations between the host and the guest stars.Secondly, it had an interesting content that has inspired many people almost around the world.Thirdly, The Oprah Winfrey Show has won in many prestigious talk show awards.Fourthly, there are many kinds of speech acts that are performed by Oprah Winfrey that can be analyzed.
The researcher limited this study on the kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show in the episode with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald that was aired on October 28 th , 2008.The objective of this study is to analyze the kinds of speech acts that are performed by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald.Austin (in Levinson, 1983) divides three basic senses in which when someone says something, he or she doing something in the same time.For this reason, he proposes three kinds of acts; they are locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.Locutionary act is the real word that is uttered by the speaker and it contains the speaker's verbalized message.Austin (in Abrams & Harpahm, 2009) divides two types of locutionary acts.They are (1) constatives, sentences that assert something about a fact or state of affairs and are adjudged to be true or false (Austin, 1962), (2) performatives, sentences that are actions which accomplish something, such as questioning, promising, praising, etc.
To perform a locutionary act is to say something in what Austin (in Malmkjaer, 2010) calls as the full normal sense.It includes (1) the phonic act: uttering noises, phones, (2) the phatic act: uttering noises as belonging to a certain vocabulary and conforming to a certain grammar; that is, as being part of a certain language.The noises seen from this perspective are called phemes, (3) the rhetic act: using these noises with a certain sense and the noises seen from this perspective are called rhemes.These three simultaneous acts above make up the locutionary act.However, each time one performs a locutionary act, one is also thereby performing some illocutionary act, such as stating, promising, warning, betting, etc (Malmkjaer, 2010).Meanwhile, Searle (in Malmkjaer, 2010) describes locutionary act slightly different from Austin's.Searle rightly points out, not all utterances involve referring and predicating -Austin's rheme, which was part of the locutionary act.Searle (in Malmkjaer, 2010) states that the words "Ouch" and "Hurrah" do not involve rhemes.Locutionary act only includes two of the elements of Austin's locutionary act they are phone and pheme.Searle calls this act as the utterance act or uttering words (morphemes, sentences).Searle (1969) describes, the difference between just uttering sounds or making marks and performing illocutionary act is that the sounds or marks in the performance of an illocutionary act are characteristically said to have meaning.Meanwhile, according to Austin (in Levinson, 1983), illocutionary act is the power or intention behind the words that is uttered by the speaker.It indicates the speaker's purpose in saying something.Austin (1962) adds that the locutionary act as much as the illocutionary, and every genuine speech act is both.
According to Searle (in Leech, 1983) there are five categories of illocutionary acts (assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, declarations).Austin (in Levinson, 1983), perlocutionary act is the effect of the illocution on the hearer, such as the effect on the felling, thoughts, or action of hearer.Meanwhile, Searle (1969) maintains that perlocutionary acts is the consequences or effects such acts have on action, thoughts, or beliefs, etc. of hearers.According to Malmkjaer (2010), every time we direct language at some audience, we perform three simultaneous acts: (1) a locutionary act, (2) an illocutionary act and (3) a perlocutionary act.Searle (1969) adds that there is illocutionary acts such as greeting that has no perlocutionary acts: There is no perlocutionary effect of greeting.For example, when the speaker says "Hello", and he/she means it, the speaker does not necessarily intend to produce or elicit any state or action, but the knowledge is simply that the hearer understands what the speaker said that he is being greeted, and it is not an additional response or effect.Alzeebaree (2017) wrote "Realization of the Speech Acts of Request and Apology by Middle Eastern EFL Learners".The objective of this study was to investigate the request and apology strategies of Kurdish EFL undergraduate students (KEFLUS) and their linguistic and pragmatic competence in making requests and apologies.The results suggested that males had used more explicit and direct strategies of request, while females had more of a tendency to use inexplicit and indirect strategies.This indicated that the females had politer requestive behavior than males.The females used more apology strategies than the males.There is no significant difference was found between KEFLUS males and females.Moreover, the KEFLUS responses were in general pragmatically and structurally appropriate.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
In this study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data.According to Berg (2009), "Qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things".Using qualitative method is because the data will be interpreted by words and also the explanations.Berg (2009) stated that qualitative research tends to assess the quality of things using words, image, and description.In addition, this study used descriptive qualitative to analyze the data.The data were taken from American talk show entitled The Oprah Winfrey Show in the episode with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros, and Dink Donald hosted by Oprah Winfrey.The duration of this talk show is 30 minutes and 22 seconds.The data of this study are in the form of utterances uttered by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show.
The researcher did the following steps of collecting data: (1) downloading The Oprah Winfrey Show in the episode with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros, and Dink Donald from https://youtu.br/eR3DqWJSRVI as the source of data, (2) replaying the talk show by computer for several times, (3) copying the transcript of the talk show from https://youtu.br/eR3DqWJSRVI, (4) stopping the scenes, and repeating the talk show in many times when the researcher found out the kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey, (5) highlighting the minutes of the scene, and the utterances that consist of the kinds of speech acts, (6) screen capturing the scenes of the talk show that contain of the kinds of speech acts in the computer, (7) classifying the data based on the theories, and (8) labeling number on each data.
The process of data analysis was started by: (1) marking the utterances produced by Oprah Winfrey that contain of the kinds of speech acts, (2) describing the situations and giving explanations to the screen capture in The Oprah Winfrey Show that contain of the kinds of speech acts, (3) identifying the utterances that contain of speech acts, and categorizing it to the kinds of speech acts, (4) analyzing the utterances and describing the data that contain of the kinds of speech acts, and (5) making percentage to find out the kinds of speech acts that were frequently performed by Oprah Winfrey.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the result of the study, the researcher found 49 utterances that consist of three kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey.There are 49 data of locutionary acts, 49 data of illocutionary acts, and 46 data of perlocutionary acts.The findings of the kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey in The Oprah Winfrey Show are illustrated in the following tables below.
There are three kinds of speech acts performed by Oprah Winfrey namely locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts.There are two kinds of locutionary acts (constantives and performatives), four categories of illocutionary acts performed (assertives, directives, commisives and expressives), and five kinds of perlocutionary acts: (1) get the hearers to know information, (2) get the hearers to answer question, (3) get the hearers to clarify the statement uttered by Oprah, (4) get the hearer to believe, and (5) get the hearer to feel appreciated.Get the hearers to do something 14 30.4% 2.
Get the hearers to express feeling 10 21.7% 3.
Get the hearers to answer question 8 17.4% 4.
Get the hearers to confirm something 6 13.1% 6.
Get the hearers to believe 1 2.2% Total (N) 46 100% Based on the result of this study, the three tables above indicate that there are four kinds of speech acts that occur in The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald.The total number of utterances that have been investigated are 49.There are three points formulated based on findings section.First, the most dominant of locutionary acts is performative that occur in 40 times which represent 61.2%.The most dominant locutionary act of performatives indicates that the Oprah's utterances perform actions that used to accomplish something, such as informing, Warta Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia e- ISSN: 2686-0724 -p-ISSN: 0853-4470 -Vol. 6, No. 02 (2023), pp. 174-185 questioning, and expressing gratitude.Second, the most dominant category of illocutionary acts is directives that occur in 23 times which represent 46.9%.
By performing the illocutionary act of directives, Oprah Winfrey as the host often did the act of asking, ordering, and confirming.The most dominant illocutionary act of directives is the act of asking that was performed in 9 times which represent 18.4%.It happened because she often asked the guest stars as the hearers to answer the questions from her as speaker.It reflects to the purpose of talk show which is to find out and get information from the guest stars, thus the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home could get the factual information.The last, the most dominant perlocutionary act is get the hearer to do something that occurs in 14 times which represent 30.4%.The most dominant perlocutionary act shows that the effect from the hearers made the talk show became interactive and communicative.
This section below explains the speech acts analysis that are performed by Oprah Winfrey in The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros, and Dink Donald that aired on October 28 th , 2008.The examples of each kind of speech acts are explained in the analysis below.
Assertives.The researcher found 9 data of assertives.They are 6 data of reporting, and 3 data of stating.
The Description of Situation.Oprah Winfrey as the host just opened The Oprah Winfrey Show.She started a topic about a girl who was born with mermaid syndrome named Milagros in Peru.She was making a highlight around the world because her condition.Milagros was born with her legs fused together and she had no external genitalia.babies with this condition die before they are born or during birth.

Assertive (Reporting)
Get the hearers to know Analysis.Based on the table above, it can be seen that Oprah's utterance contains locutionary act.She talked about a girl named Milagros in Peru who was born with mermaid syndrome.The condition of Milagros at the time was making headline around the world, and in 2007 Oprah met her.The type of locutionary act of the utterance above is constantive.It is because the Oprah's utterance asserts about the fact of Milagros who was born with mermaid syndrome.The Oprah's utterance above contain illocutionary act of assertive.Oprah as a speaker was doing the act of reporting.The perlocutionary act from Oprah's utterance above is get the audiences and the viewers as the hearers to know that three years ago she met a baby who was making headlines around the world named Milagros who was born in Peru with an extremely rare and deadly birth defect known as mermaid syndrome.
The Description of Situation.At the time, Celine also came with Milagros; a fourth year-old girl from Peru who was born with her legs fused together and she had no external genitalia.Oprah Winfrey as the host was trying to talk to Milagros, yet their language are different.It is because Milagros speaks Spanish, and Oprah speaks English.Analysis.Oprah's utterance consists of a locutionary act.She stated to Celine that she could not speak Spanish, and Milagros could not speak English.It means that Oprah got the difficulty to speak with Milagros.The type of locutionary act from Oprah's utterance is constantive.It is because she asserted about the difference of language between her and Milagros.The illocutionary of Oprah's utterance above contains illocutionary act of assertive because she was doing the act of stating to Celine Dion.She wanted Celine thought the solution in order to Oprah could communicate with Milagros.
The illocutionary act from Oprah's utterance gave effect.The effect is called by perlocutionary act.The perlocutionary act from Oprah's utterance is Celine Dion knew that Oprah could not speak Spanish, so she could communicate with Milagros.
Directives.The researcher found 23 data of directives.They are 9 data of asking, 8 data of ordering and 6 data of confirming.
The Description of Situation.Oprah Winfrey as the host was talking to Celine Dion about the connection between Celine and Milagros.Analysis.Based on the table 6, it can be seen that Oprah's utterance contains locutionary act of performative.It is because Oprah's utterance contains an action of questioning.Oprah gave question to Celine Dion, and Oprah's question of "How did this happen?"refers to the connection between Celine and Milagros.Oprah's utterance of "How did this happen?"contains illocutionary act of directive.It is because Oprah was doing the act of asking to Celine.The purpose of Oprah's utterance is she asked Celine to answer her question.However, Oprah wanted to know the factual information about the connection between Celine and Milagros.The perlocutionary act or the effect from Oprah's utterance of "How did this happen?" is to get Celine Dion answered the question from Oprah.Celine answered that the connection between her and Milagros had happened since two and a half months ago.Celine said that they involved in part of a project to meet 12 amazing children who have survived tragedies and amazing things in life.
The Description of Situation.Oprah Winfrey as the host just opened The Oprah Winfrey Show.She started a topic about a girl who was born with mermaid syndrome named Milagros in Peru.She was making a highlight around the world because her condition.Milagros was born with her legs fused together and she had no external genitalia.Most babies with this condition die before they are born or during birth.In this segment, Oprah gave a video about the condition of Milagros after was born.Analysis.The first speech acts is called locutionary act.Based on the table above, the utterance of "Look at this" contains locutionary act of performative.It is because the Oprah's utterance performs an action of ordering.The addressees of the utterance above are the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home.The phrase "at this" refers to the monitor screen that showed the condition of Milagros when she was born.The illocutionary act from Oprah's utterance "Look at this" is implicit order.Oprah Winfrey as the host of this talk show ordered the audiences in studio and the viewers at home as the hearer to look the condition of Milagros by monitor screen.The Oprah's utterance of "Look at this" has perlocutionary act or the effect of her utterance.The effect of her utterance is to get the audiences and the viewers at home to look the monitor screen that provides the information of Milagros.
The Description of Situation.Oprah Winfrey and Celine Dion were talking about the moment when Carice Pempengco and Celine Dion rehearsed together before they performed in Madison Square Garden.In this segment, Oprah asked confirmation about Celine's statement when she was rehearsing with Charice.Analysis.Based on the table above, the locutionary act of Oprah's utterance is "I got that moment when you said, "you were gonna come here and sing for your mom."And then you said "I want you.You're gonna dedicate this song."The utterance above means that Oprah heard that Celine Dion said to Charice.The phrase "this song" refers to a song entitled Because You Love Me that was sung by Charice in Celine Dion's concert.Then, Oprah heard that Celine asked Charice to dedicate that song to Charice's Warta Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia e- ISSN: 2686-0724 -p-ISSN: 0853-4470 -Vol. 6, No. 02 (2023), pp. 174-185 mother.The kind of locutionary act from Oprah's utterance is constantive.It is because Oprah utterance asserts a fact of the moment when Celine asked Charice to dedicate the song entitled Because You Love Me for her mother.Oprah's utterance of "I got that moment when you said, "you were gonna come here and sing for your mom."And then you said "I want you you're gonna dedicate this song" in the table above contain illocutionary act of directive.It is because Oprah was doing the act of confirming to Celine Dion about the statement that uttered by her.Oprah wanted to know the factual information from Celine Dion related to the statement uttered by Oprah.Oprah's utterance above gave the effect to Celine Dion as the hearer.The effect was to get Celine to confirm the statement that uttered by Oprah.Celine confirmed the Oprah's statement that she asked Charice to dedicate that song to Charice's mother.She added that Charice did it.
Commissives.The researcher found 5 data that contain of commissives.They are 4 data of promising and 1 datum of offering.
The Description of Situation.Before commercial break, Oprah Winfrey as the host informed to the audiences in the studio and the viewer at home that Celine Dion was going to sing in the talk show.Analysis.Oprah's utterance "Celine is going to sing for us a little later" consists of a locutionary act.She said that Celine Dion was going to perform by singing a sing a little later.The word "Us" refers to the Oprah Winfrey, the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home.The kind of locutionary act from Oprah's utterance is performative.It is because the utterance performs the act of informing.Oprah utterance above is commissive acts because it commits a speaker to the future action.Oprah made a promise to the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home that the talk show would be back after commercial break.Therefore, this utterance is classified as promising.The perlocutionary act from Oprah's utterance above gave effect the audiences and viewers as the hearers.The effect is to get the hearer by staying tuned on her talk show because Celine Dion was going to sing after commercial break.
The Description of Situation.Celine Dion and Milagros just came to the studio.Oprah Winfrey offered a help to Milagros to lift her up, and put her in the sofa.Analysis.Oprah's utterance consists of illocutionary act.She asked to Milagros that she wanted to lift her up to help her sitting in the sofa.The kind of locutionary act from Oprah's utterance is performative because the utterance performs the act of questioning.The utterance "Can I lift you up" that was uttered by Oprah Winfrey contains an illocutionary act of assertive.Oprah was doing the act of offering.It means that Oprah as a speaker commits for a future action.

Expressive (Praising)
Get the hearer to express feeling Analysis.In the table above, Oprah's utterance contains locutionary act of constantive.It is because Oprah's utterance "Beautiful, beautiful" asserts the fact that the performance of Milagros in dancing was beautiful.The illocutionary act from Oprah's utterance above is expressive.It is because Oprah was doing the act of praising to Milagros as the hearer by saying "Beautiful, beautiful."Oprah's utterance above contains the effect to Milagros as the hearer.The perlocutionary act from Oprah's utterance above is to get Milagros to feel being appreciated because she had given a beautiful performance in dancing.
The result of this study indicates that there are four kinds of speech acts that occur in The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald.The researcher examined three kinds of speech acts in this talk show i.e. locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts.The total number of utterances that have been investigated are 49.There are three points formulated based on findings section.First, table 1 above presents that the highest kind of locutionary acts is performatives that occur in 40 times which represent 61.2%.The most dominant data of performatives indicate that the issuings of the Oprah's utterances were performing actions.
The highest category of illocutionary acts is directives that occur in 23 times which represent 46.3%.By performing the illocutionary act of directives, Oprah Winfrey as the host was often doing the act of asking, ordering, and confirming.Therefore, the table 2 above presents that the most dominant illocutionary acts of directive is the act of asking that were performed in 9 times which represent 18.4%.It happened because she often asked the guest stars as the hearers to answer the questions from her as speaker.It reflects to the purpose of talk show which is to find out and get information from the guest stars, thus the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home could get the factual information.The highest perlocutionary acts is get the hearer to do something that occur in 14 times which represent 30.4%.The most dominant data of perlocutionary acts shows that the effects from the hearers made the talk show became interactive and communicative.

CONCLUSION
After analyzing the data, the researcher found 49 utterances that contain of three kinds of speech acts.There are 49 data of locutionary acts, 49 data of illocutionary acts, and 46 data of perlocutionary acts performed by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show with special guest stars Celine Dion, Milagros and Dink Donald.Performatives is the most dominant data of locutionary act performed by Oprah Winfrey as the host in The Oprah Winfrey Show.It occurs in 30 times which represent 61.2%.It shows that the issuings of the Oprah's utterances were performing of actions.
The highest category of illocutionary acts is directives that occur in 23 times which represent 46.9%.The most dominant illocutionary act of directives is the act of asking that occur in 9 times which represent 18.4%.It happened because Oprah Winfrey as the host often asked the guest stars as the Warta Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia e- ISSN: 2686-0724 -p-ISSN: 0853-4470 -Vol. 6, No. 02 (2023), pp. 174-185 hearers to answer the questions from her as the speaker.It reflects to the purpose of talk show which is to find out and get information from the guest stars, thus the audiences in the studio and the viewers at home could get the information.The researcher also found that the most dominant perlocutionary act is to get the hearers to do something which occurs in 14 times which represent 28.26%.Oprah Winfrey was not only doing interaction between herself, and the guest stars, but the audiences and the viewers at home also involved by her when the talk show was on air.It made The Oprah Winfrey Show became interactive and communicative.

Table 2 .
The Findings of Illocutionary Acts Performed by Oprah Winfrey (N= 49).

Table 5 .
Speech Acts Analysis

Table 7 .
Speech Acts Analysis

Table 8 .
Speech Acts Analysis

Table 9 .
Speech Acts Analysis